European Conference on Dental Health December 01-02, 2021 London, UK

Populations disproportionately plagued by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also are at higher risk for oral diseases and experience oral health and oral health care disparities at higher rates. COVID-19 has led to closure and reduced hours of dental practices apart from emergency and urgent services, limiting routine care and prevention. Dental care includes aerosol-generating procedures which will increase viral transmission. The pandemic offers a chance for the dental profession to shift more toward nonaerosolizing, prevention-centric approaches to worry and faraway from surgical interventions. Regulatory barrier changes to oral health care access during the pandemic could have a favorable impact if sustained into the future.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells elucidated by two distinct characteristics, namely, their ability to continuously self-renew and to differentiate into multiple mature cell types. Stem cells are significant because one somatic cell has the potential to function as an inexhaustible proliferative source for replacement therapy, comprising one component of the tissue engineering triad. Stem cells are often categorized as embryogenic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells consistent with the stage at which they're isolated.

Dental biomaterials include the natural tissues and biocompatible synthetic materials that are useful in restoring decayed, damaged or fractured teeth.  Enamel, dentin, cementum, bone, and other intraoral tissues come under natural biomaterials, whereas metals, ceramics, polymers and composite structures come under biocompatible synthetic dental materials.

Fillings, crowns, and other tooth restorations are often made up of a spread of various materials, including amalgam, resin, and ceramic. Each material has some unique benefits and downsides, and is suited to different uses and situations.

Digital dentistry refers to the utilization of dental technologies or devices that comes with digital or computer-controlled components to hold out dental procedures instead of using mechanical or electrical tools. The use of digital dentistry can make completing dental procedures more efficient than using mechanical tools, both for restorative as diagnostic purposes. Used as the simplest way to facilitate dental treatments and propose new ways to satisfy rising patient demands

Tools that dental professionals use to provide dental treatment are termed as Dental Instruments. They include tools to examine, manipulate, treat, restore, and remove teeth and surrounding oral structures. These allow dental professionals to manipulate tissues for better visual access during treatment or during dental examination.

Dental mirror: The dentist or dental auxiliary uses dental mirrors to view a mirror image of the teeth in locations of the mouth where visibility is difficult or impossible. Along with this they are also used for reflecting light onto desired surfaces, and for retraction of soft tissues to improve access or vision.

Dental Nursing and Dental Practice

A dental nurse works closely with the dentist. They provide assistance throughout a patient's visit. Assisting the dentist generally involves a wide range of procedures from preparing the various materials required and ensuring the proper instruments and equipment are available, to cleaning and sterilising the used instruments.

The practice of the dental profession collectively is termed as Dental Practice. It includes;

Operative dentistry is concerned with restoration of parts of the teeth that are defective or damaged as a result of disease, trauma, or abnormal development to a state of normal function, health, and esthetics.

Any of a number of medical procedures that involve artificially modifying dentition; in other words, surgery of the teeth, gums and jaw bones is termed as Dental Surgery.

Dental surgery is a part of dentistry, which is a branch of medicine that  deals with teeth, gums, and the mouth. Dentists mainly deal with the treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and study of conditions, disorders, and diseases of the oral cavity. This covers the oral mucosa and the dentition as well as all related tissues and structures (like the jaw and facial or maxillofacial area), and therefore termed as the practitioners of dentistry

Preventive dentistry is characterized as that department of dentistry that deals with the preservation of sound teeth and gums as well as avoidance of dental carries and oral disease. The hone of looking after your gums and teeth and keeping up great oral hygiene to keep them healthy is known as preventive dentistry. The most point is to dodge cavities, gum infections, enamel wear, tooth loss and more. With the coming of a long time of refined diet, we have ended up more helpless to verbal diseases and hence maintaining them has gotten to be greatly vital. With advancements in dentistry prevention of verbal infections has become easier. Maintenance of oral hygiene should be practiced from an early age. The daily schedules of brushing and flossing twice are the best frame of preventive dentistry. Going to a dental practitioner with 6 months follow up is another way of avoiding oral diseases.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is that specialty of dentistry that includes the diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is a surgical specialty focusing on anaplasty of the face, facial trauma surgery, the oral fissure, head and neck, mouth, and jaws, as well as facial cosmetic surgery.

An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a regional specialist surgeon who treats the complete craniomaxillofacial complex: anatomical area of the mouth, jaws, face, and skull, head and neck as well as associated structures. As stated by the national jurisdiction, oral and maxillofacial surgery may require a degree in medicine, dentistry or both.

Oral Biology is a tremendously diverse scientific area encompassing the disciplines of molecular biology and genetics, microbiology and immunology, genomics, biochemistry, biophysics, craniofacial development, pharmacology, physiology, and cancer biology. Due to the unique combination of tissues and functions of the mouth and craniofacial complex, the field of oral biology blends fundamental scientific disciplines in unique and fascinating ways to overcome the challenges of developing new and highly effective ways to manage, cure or prevent diseases and developmental defects.

Branch of medical science primarily concerning with the cause, origin and nature of disease is termed as Pathology. It mainly involves the examination of tissues, organs, bodily fluids and autopsies in order to study and diagnose disease.

Track 13: Oral Cancer

Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless white patch that thickens, develops red patches, an ulcer, and continues to grow. If present on the lips, usually looks like a persistent crusting ulcer that does not heal, and slowly grows.  Some other symptoms stating the presence of an oral cancer include difficult or painful swallowing, new lumps or bumps in the neck, a swelling in the mouth, or a feeling of numbness in the mouth or lips. Smoking and other tobacco use are linked to most cases of oral cancer. Alcohol abuse also increases the risk for oral cancer.

Dental health or oral health is majorly concerned with your teeth, gums and mouth. The main goal is to prevent complications such as tooth decay (cavities) and gum disease and to maintain the overall health of your mouth. A healthy mouth that is free of infections, injuries and other problems with teeth and gums is important in maintaining overall oral health.

Dental trauma in sports is a major link between the sports and dentistry. Violence, traffic accidents, and sporting activities together have contributed to the establishment of traumatic dental injuries as a public dental health problem. Sports dentistry mainly concerns with the prevention of oral/facial athletic injuries and related oral diseases and manifestations. It has two major aspects: First is the treatment of orofacial injuries and the second is the prevention of sports-related orofacial injuries. To provide suitable care, a dentist must be knowledgeable and adept in the areas of oral surgery, endodontics, operative dentistry, orthodontics, hospital dentistry, and patient behavior management. The sports or team dentist assists and helps athletes in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of oral injuries.

Pediatric dentistry deals with children from birth through adolescence. Pediatric dentistry is a branch that adapts techniques and procedures from general dentistry and specialties to provide primary and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for children.

Pediatric dentists treat a varied range of diseases in infants, children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs, and are experts in providing care to make their patients feel comfortable. Pediatric dentists also educate their patients and the parents of the patients about the importance of oral health and preventative oral health care.

Cosmetic dentistry is generally referred to any dental work that involves in improvement of the appearance though not necessarily the functionality, of teeth, gums and/or bite. It mainly focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance. Many dentists consider themselves as "cosmetic dentists" regardless of their specific education, specialty, training, and experience in this field.

Periodontology or periodontics is the specialty of dentistry that includes study of supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them. The supporting tissues are generally known as the periodontium that includes the gingiva (gums), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament. A periodontist is one who is specialized in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease and in the placement of dental implants. Periodontists are also experts in treating oral inflammations. As specialists in periodontal disease, they are aware of all the latest techniques for diagnosing and treating periodontal disease. They are also trained in cosmetic periodontal procedures.

Periodontists are involved with treatment of cases ranging from mild gingivitis to more severe periodontitis. Periodontists have a wide range of treatment options such as,

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  Scaling and root planing ( cleaning of infected root surfaces)

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  Root surface debridement (damaged tissue removal)


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  Regenerative procedures (lost bone and tissue reversal)

Dental implants are replacement tooth roots. Implants provide a strong foundation for fixed (permanent) or removable replacement teeth that are made to match your natural teeth.

There are many advantages to dental implants, including:

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  Improved appearance


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  Improved Speech


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  Improved Comfort


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  Improved Self-esteem


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  Improved Oral Health


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  Durability


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  Convenience

Prosthodontics is one of the branches of dentistry which deals with the replacement of missing teeth and the associated soft and hard tissues by prostheses (crowns, bridges, dentures) which may be fixed or removable, or may be supported and retained by implants.

Prosthodontics therapy usually has a predictable expected longevity directly related to quality and type of prostheses, complexity of patient need, and subsequent oral hygiene. 

Endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerning dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth. “Endo” is the Greek word for “inside” and “odont” is Greek for “tooth.” Endodontic treatment, or root canal treatment, treats the soft pulp tissue inside the tooth. An endodontist is a dentist who specializes in saving teeth.

Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of malpositioned teeth and jaws, and misaligned bite patterns. It can also focus on modifying facial growth, known as dentofacial orthopedics.

Orthodontic therapy includes the use of either fixed or removable appliances. The majority of orthodontic therapy is delivered using appliances that are fixed in place for example with braces that are bonded to the teeth with adhesives. Fixed appliances usually have a greater mechanical control over the teeth and the treatment outcome is greater with the use of fixed appliances than with removable appliances.

Tooth, plural teeth, is any of the hard, resistant structures occurring on the jaws and in or around the mouth and pharynx areas of vertebrates. Teeth are used for catching and masticating food, for defence, and for other specialized purposes.Each tooth has 4 main parts, including:

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  Enamel. The outer layer of the tooth and the hardest material in the body.


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  Dentin. The inner layer and the main part of the tooth, and the largest dental tissue.


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  Pulp. Soft tissue on the inside of the tooth that contains the nerve, blood supply, and the ability to produce dentin.


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  Root. The part of the tooth that secures it into the jaw.

Dental education is university based with much of the formal clinical teaching in dental hospitals, often with some outreach programs to provide clinical experience in contrasting settings.

Dental schools are traditionally staffed by academic teachers, assisted by part-time staff from clinical practice. Dental researchers within these institutions play important roles in contributing to knowledge as well as teaching.